• MoAbs targeting the tumourigenic pathways such as IGF R may

  2019-07-10

  

  MoAbs targeting the tumourigenic pathways, such as IGF-1R may theoretically have a dual working mechanism. On the one hand they block pathways having an anti-tumour working mechanism, and on the other hand they may also stimulate an immunological response inducing a reaction of the patients own immu

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and DDR are receptor tyro

  2019-07-09

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by different types of collagen (Shrivastava et al., 1997, Vogel et al., 1997). Both receptors interact with a number of fibrillar collagens, and DDR1, but not DDR2, is also activated by the network-formin

• br Roles of DDR in epithelial cell

  2019-07-09

  

  Roles of DDR1 in epithelial cell differentiation Roles of DDR1 in cell migration, and invasion Dichotomous functions of DDR1 in disease progression Conclusions and perspectives The switch in a real world of film art from DDR1 to DDR2 during EMT is another important issue. The DDRs may ex

• tankyrase Ubiquitination can occur on a single

  2019-07-09

  

  Ubiquitination can occur on a single (monoubiquitination) or several (multiubiquitination) lysine residues, or the same lysine residue can be subjected to several rounds of Ub conjugation (polyubiquitination). Ub bonds within polyUb chains are formed through 1 of 7 lysine residues in Ub, and the typ

• pdgfr One of the most fundamental

  2019-07-09

  

  One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals is substrate monoubiquitination versus polyubiquitination. With the exception of the E2, UBE2W, which represents a special case because it pdgfr only ubiquitinates the flexible N-termini of substrates [5], [6], [20], most examples of monou

• We report here that ESCL protein exhibits

  2019-07-09

  

  We report here that ESCL protein exhibits a temporal expression profile that is complementary to that of ESC, including substantially higher levels of expression during larval and adult stages than embryogenesis. We show that ESCL, like ESC, binds directly to E(Z) via its WD repeats and is physicall

• At one time the biological effects

  2019-07-09

  

  At one time, the biological effects of cAMP were thought to be mediated exclusively by Protein Kinase A (PKA). Consistent with this, PKA inhibitors have been shown to reverse the effects of cAMP-elevating agents on VSMC proliferation [5]. However, we recently reported that cAMP-mediated inhibition o

• DDR although normally expressed in cells with

  2019-07-09

  

  DDR2, although normally expressed in Miltefosine weight with mesenchymal features, has also been reported to enhance EMT. In A549 lung cancer cells, TGFβ1 increases the expression of type I collagen and DDR2. Knocking-down COL1A1 or DDR2 with siRNA is sufficient to inhibit EMT and cell migration ind

• Through an unknown mechanism RING

  2019-07-09

  

  Through an unknown mechanism, RING/Ubox-type E3 dimers and the N-terminal tail have been shown to function as a modulator of full E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [27]. LRSAM1 promotes a significant enhancement in the formation of the high-molecular-weight products or E3 activity when the RING domain is

• The biological significance of DNA ligases is

  2019-07-09

  

  The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to their function in DNA replication, recombination and/or DNA repair [1], [2]. In vertebrates, three different DNA ligases I, III and IV are recognized. DNA ligase I is essential for the Okazaki fragments’ ligation during lagging-strand DNA s

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-07-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis, a pathogen able to survive in the hostile conditions through sophisticated defence mechanisms. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the M. tuberculosis defence mechanisms, we have inves

• br Conclusion br Competing interests br

  2019-07-09

  

  Conclusion Competing interests Authors\' contributions Acknowledgements The work was supported by Aurigene Discovery Technologies (M) Sdn. Bhd., Industrial Doctoral Program sponsorship by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and research grants by the University of Malaya, grant number

• In this study we implicate SCFFBXO

  2019-07-08

  

  In this study, we implicate SCFFBXO3 E3 ligase as a critical modulator of inflammation in atherosclerosis and demonstrate the efficacy of a small molecule FBXO3 inhibitor in suppressing inflammatory responses important in atherosclerosis. Specifically, individuals carrying a hypofunctioning genetic

• br Role of ALDH Isoenzymes in Glioma

  2019-07-08

  

  Role of ALDH Isoenzymes in Glioma Growth and Invasion ALDH family genes are commonly upregulated in gliomas, indicating ALDH-dependent cell metabolism. Specific ALDH isoenzymes have been detected in high- and low-grade tumors implicated in cell proliferation, maintenance of CSC properties, invasi

• Recently it has been shown that among the ELR chemokines

  2019-07-08

  

  Recently, it has been shown that among the ELR (+) chemokines mentioned above, particularly IL-8 induces neutrophil migration via CXCR-1 chemokine receptor. For example, Godaly et al. [18] reported the potent role of CXCR-1 chemokine receptor in the process of neutrophil migration across epithelial

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