• E E evolution at transmission

  2022-03-31

  

  E1E2 evolution at transmission has been explored in multiple previous studies. Vertical transmission selects for E1E2 variants with increased replication fitness due of CTL escape mutations (Honegger et al., 2013). Experimental infection of chimeric liver mice selects for E1E2 variants with increase

• Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is the fifth most

  2022-03-31

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most lethal malignant tumor worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death [1]. For HCC patients, amide pka virus (HBV) infection is the important causative risk factor in Asia-Pacific regions [[2], [3], [4]]. In China, mo

• GCIPs are highly conserved Ca binding proteins first discove

  2022-03-31

  

  GCIPs are highly conserved Ca2+-binding proteins first discovered in the frog [42] and later in teleost [9]. With regard to gene structure, sequence conservation, and function, GCIPs are evolutionarily related to the GCAPs. The GCIP genes have acquired an additional intron in the N-terminal region w

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-03-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the LCL161 coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinast in the GPR35-e

• Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought to be a

  2022-03-31

  

  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur

• abk synthesis Uracil DNA glycosylase UDG is a highly conserv

  2022-03-31

  

  Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a highly conserved damage repair enzyme which can specifically recognize and excise uracil residue within the DNA sequences and actuate the DNA abk synthesis excision repair (BER) pathway which keeps the maintenance of genomic integrity and stability [[21], [22], [23

• One of the main clinical

  2022-03-31

  

  One of the main clinical issues of ABCB1, together with its impact on intestinal absorption, concerns its location at the BBB. Indeed, ABCB1 has been identified in the luminal side of endothelial cells and in the abluminal side of astrocyte endfeet processes of the CNS microvasculature [[36], [37],

• Previous studies have suggested that GPR protects from bone

  2022-03-31

  

  Previous studies have suggested that GPR40 protects from bone loss via inhibition of osteoclasts. Wittrant et al. used GPR40 knock-out mice and primary osteoclasts to investigate the role of GPR40 on bone remodelling. Their results in primary osteoclast cultures and the RAW264.7 cell line showed tha

• In this study we present

  2022-03-31

  

  In this study, we present the synthesis and structure–activity studies of a structurally distinct series possessing high potency and selectivity in HEK cell lines together with a potentially promising overall biopharmacological profile. Focusing on creating sufficient structural dissimilarity with g

• Due to the requirement of high end methods such as

  2022-03-31

  

  Due to the requirement of high-end methods such as total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to visualize lipid rafts, isolation procedures are employed to study the protein content of lipid rafts [29]. The different methods utilized to isolated lipid rafts and other low density micro

• Receptors for glucagon Gcgr GLP Glp r

  2022-03-30

  

  Receptors for glucagon (Gcgr), GLP-1 (Glp1r), and GLP-2 (Glp2r) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to class B-1 (secretin receptor-like) family of GPCRs (Harmar, 2001, Fredriksson et al., 2003). The mammalian Gcgr, Glp1r, and Glp2r genes, together with the Aminoallyl-UTP for the recep

• br Genetic manipulation variation of the ghrelin system and

  2022-03-30

  

  Genetic manipulation/variation of the ghrelin system and alcohol-related outcomes Genetic manipulation of the ghrelin system (either the peptide or the receptor gene) via knockout rodent models has provided further insight into the role of this system in alcohol seeking and consummatory behaviors

• In an immunohistochemical analysis of gastric

  2022-03-30

  

  In an immunohistochemical analysis of 117 gastric cancer samples, reduced Cx43 and E-cadherin expression were shown to contribute to the development of primary gastric cancer; however, increased Cx43 and E-cadherin expression contributed to lymph node metastasis [13]. In primary urothelial gabab ca

• The orientation of the immobilized enzyme may affect its

  2022-03-30

  

  The orientation of the immobilized enzyme may affect its activity and stability and therefore the final biocatalyst performance. Since proteins present areas more prone to unfolding in their surface or near to it [36], the immobilization through these areas may improve the final biocatalyst stabilit

• br The Farnesoid X receptor FXR identification and ligands T

  2022-03-30

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phys

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