• br Acknowledgement This work was funded by

  2025-02-14

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• hcv protease inhibitor While the yeasts and see Glossary eac

  2025-02-14

  

  While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In anim

• Along with the improvement of the cadmium transport

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  Along with the improvement of the cadmium transport from roots to aerial tissues, as is required for phytoremediation, over-expression of PtoHMA5 also led to the excessive accumulation of cadmium in leaves that was harmful to plant growth and physiological performance. Thus, detoxification of the he

• br Resection of DNA ends The highly

  2025-02-14

  

  Resection of DNA ends The highly conserved MRN/MRX complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 in metazoan; Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 in yeast) and the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer (hereafter referred to as Ku) are the first protein complexes to be recruited at DSBs [6]. The presence of Ku and MRN/MRX mediates the recruitment of

• Autophagy is a self protecting cellular

  2025-02-14

  

  Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic contents for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (Shao et al., 2016b). Macrophage autophagy plays an essential role in atherosclerosis by safeguarding PFI-2 against oxidative stress, reducing apoptos

• br Materials and methods br Results A first

  2025-02-14

  

  Materials and methods Results A first series of experiments explored whether the Ampkα1 isoform is involved in the regulation of cardiac Pkcζ. To this end, HL-1 cardiomyocytes were transfected with a construct encoding constitutively active Prkaa1T183D (CAα1) or with the empty vector as contro

• AP activity is increased by MAP

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  AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi

• br HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The multifaceted

  2025-02-14

  

  HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The multifaceted roles played by HMGB (formerly called HMG-1 and -2) proteins in modulating chromatin structure, gene transcriptional activity and cellular phenotype have been covered in a number of recent reviews and readers are referred to these for in-dept

• To the best of our

  2025-02-14

  

  To the best of our knowledge, there have been only a few reports on antiangiogenic activities about C. sanki, and its antiangiogenic constituents as well as its mechanism of action are worthy of further exploring and studying. Therefore, we carried out a bioassay-guided investigation of C. sanki in

• Similarly results obtained in our lab using experimental

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  Similarly, results obtained in our lab using experimental diabetic encephalopathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL-6 mice showed that the hippocampus of the diabetic animals exhibited reactive gliosis, neuronal loss, NF-kB signaling activation as well as high levels of IL-1β and vascular end

• The first identified auxiliary subunit stargazin

  2025-02-14

  

  The first identified auxiliary subunit, stargazin, is essential for AMPAR function in cerebellar granule neurons (Hashimoto et al., 1999). Subsequently, a family of six transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) were defined that modify channel trafficking, gating, and pharmacology (Kato and Br

• br Discussion Elevated blood BCAA

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  Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a common feature of a developed pathophysiological state characterized by obesity and IR [4]. It has been suggested that this profile is part of a panel of biomarkers able to predict the onset of more severe complications like diabetes in humans [14]. In

• Heart failure is a chronic syndrome in which

  2025-02-13

  

  Heart failure is a chronic syndrome in which the heart is unable of pumping an adequate supply of blood to meet the metabolic requirements of the body or generating the required elevated ventricular filling pressures to maintain output [34]. Despite considerable advances in the treatment of heart fa

• Our co IP data show that HT

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  Our co-IP data show that 5HT1A or 5HT2A receptors do not heterodimerize with mGluR1α receptors. Given that both 5-HT and mGlu receptors are GPCRs and produce anxiolytic effects, a degree of cooperativity via a functional cross-talk may still exist between these receptors [11]. In addition to the fun

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2025-02-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Cdc42 has been implicated in mediating the entry of HCV into hepatocytes, but how Cdc42 affects the response of HCV patients to IFN therapy is unknown. This study therefore examined the genetic association between Cdc42-related genes and efficacy of

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